How to Replace Brake Pads: A Step-by-Step Guide

Brake replacement services require technical know-how, so it’s best to consult an auto repair expert for your brake problems.

Here’s how a mechanic would typically install new brake pads:

1. Engage the parking brake to keep the car stationary. Next, they will use a jack to lift the vehicle and secure it with jack stands.

2. Check the brake fluid reservoir and remove some fluid to prevent overflow when the brake caliper piston is compressed.

3. Loosen the lug nuts (using a torque wrench) and remove the wheel. Then, they’ll inspect the brake rotor and brake line for damage.

4. Remove the mounting bolts holding the brake caliper in place and slide it off the rotor.

5. Check brake pad thickness. If the friction material is thinner than 1/8 inch, they’ll replace the old brake pad.

6. Remove the clips and slide the old brake pad out.

7. Check the brake piston and caliper for damage or brake fluid leaks. The mechanic will also clean the parts with brake cleaner.

8. Apply brake grease to the back of the new brake pads, caliper bolt, and bracket.

9. Push the brake piston back (using a C-clamp or brake tool) to create space for the new brake pad. Then, they’ll install the new pad into the caliper bracket.

10. Reinstall the brake caliper and the mounting bolts.

11. Top off the brake fluid if needed.

12. Reinstall the wheel and tighten the nuts using a lug wrench.

13. Repeat the same procedure on the other side.

14. Remove the jack stands and lower the car.

15. Pump the brake pedal slowly, allowing brake fluid to flow. The mechanic will recheck the brake fluid level, top it off if necessary, and tighten the brake fluid reservoir cap.

16. Test drive the car to ensure the brakes feel firm and responsive.

How Much Does a Brake Pad Replacement Cost?

The average cost of a brake pad replacement is between $115 and $320 per axle. If you replace pads on all four wheels, it’ll cost you around $230 to $640.

Here’s a breakdown:

• New pad cost: $35 to $150
• Labor cost: $80 to $170

NOTE: A complete brake job or brake replacement involves replacing the brake line, calipers, pads, rotors, and brake fluid exchange. This can cost around $950 to $1,300.

Factors Affecting Brake Pad Replacement Cost

Your total bill may vary based on factors like:

• Vehicle make and model: Luxury cars often require specialized brake parts and intensive labor compared to standard vehicles, increasing costs.

• Brake pad material: Organic brake pads are the cheapest but wear out quickly. Semi-metallic pads cost more than organic ones but last longer, while ceramic brake pads are the most expensive but offer the best durability.

• Repair shop type: Dealerships will charge more for a brake service than independent repair shops.

• Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) or aftermarket parts: OEM brake parts are expensive but generally more durable, while aftermarket parts are affordable but wear out faster.

How Critical Is a Brake Pad Replacement?

A brake pad repair service is urgent. 

Driving with a significantly worn and old pad reduces stopping power and creates safety risks.

When the pad wears out, the metal parts grind against each other, causing brake components to overheat. This can lead to serious brake problems and expensive repairs.

That’s why you should book a brake repair service to replace worn brake pads when you notice unusual brake noise or spongy brakes. 

You can also get a brake inspection as part of your routine maintenance to ensure your braking system stays in top condition.

NOTE: Only disc brakes use brake pads. Drum brakes rely on brake shoes, which press against the inner surface of the drum to create braking force. Brake shoes can also wear out over time, just like the pads on disc brakes. 

What Are the Signs of Worn Brake Pads?

The following symptoms may indicate that you need new brake pads:

1. An illuminated brake light or ABS light
2. Brake noise resembling squealing, squeaking, or metal grinding
3. Shaky steering wheel or spongy brakes (a soft brake pedal that requires extra pressure to engage) 
4. Loose or ineffective parking brake
5. Vehicle takes longer to stop than usual
6. Car pulls to one side when braking
7. The friction material is under 1/8 inch (on inspection)

How Often Should You Change Your Car’s Brake Pads?

The lifespan of a brake pad varies depending on the brake pad material. For example, ceramic brake pads can last up to 75,000 miles, semi-metallic brake pads can last at least 50,000 miles, and organic brake pads may need replacing every 20,000 miles.

However, they can wear out faster due to the following reasons:

• Excessive braking 
• High-speed driving 
• Neglecting brake pad maintenance
• Brake system issues like worn brake rotor or low brake fluid level (due to brake hose leaks)
• Carrying heavy loads

NOTE: A front brake pad usually wears out faster than a rear brake pad because it handles more weight.

4 FAQs about Brake Pad Replacement

Here are the answers to some common questions about brake pad replacement:

1. Should You Replace All Four Car Brake Pads Together?

Yes, it’s best to replace all four brake pads to ensure vehicle stability. Replacing all pads together can save on labor costs, prevent damage to other brake components, and may even qualify you for discounts.

TIP: When replacing all four brake pads, it’s a good idea to check for uneven tire wear (to see if tire rotation is needed) and wheel alignment issues.

2. Can You Replace Brake Pads Without Changing Rotors?

Yes, a rotor replacement isn’t necessary when changing pads if the discs are in good condition. However, if you notice signs of wear, it’s best to resurface or replace this brake component to ensure optimal braking performance and safety. 

3. How Can You Save Money on Brake Repair?

Some ways to save money on a brake job are:

• Look for seasonal promotions or discounts on auto repair services at garages.

• Replace front brake pads and rear brake pads together to avoid potential damage and save on labor costs.

• Use quality aftermarket new pads. If you’re also considering rotor replacement, you can save money by buying a brake pad kit that includes both pads and rotors.

• Ensure timely braking system maintenance.

• Opt for auto repair services by independent mechanics rather than dealerships.

• Avoid driving with a faulty, old pad to prevent further damage and additional repairs.

• Consult mobile mechanics that come to you to avoid towing charges. 

4. What Are Some Ways to Extend the Life of Your Brake Pads?

These simple practices can help your brake pads last longer:

• Avoid rough driving and excessive braking.

• Use engine braking when driving downhill to reduce pressure on the pads.

• Ensure regular brake inspection and brake system maintenance, including cleaning and applying brake grease.

• Keep a safe distance from other vehicles to avoid ‘panic’ braking, which wears out brake pads faster.

• Take prompt action if the brake warning light is active.

• Replace your brake fluid regularly according to your vehicle’s manual.

• Avoid overloading your car, which can hasten pad and rotor wear.